Dissertation Defense: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL ANALYTICAL RESEARCH KNOWLEDGEBASE (GeoARK)

A consistent finding across health, social, business, and environmental literature is that location matters. To conduct impactful research that can be applied to real-world issues and problems, the research must be grounded within the context of the real world in both place and culture. Significant differences exist and can vary across scales from blocks to neighborhoods to regions. The collection, integration, and use of varied data are foundational to addressing the complex questions of today’s health research. To strategically transform this research, a robust integrated data platform is needed. This research presentation focuses on the design, development, implementation, and use…

Dissertation Defense – UNDERSTANDING GENOME COMPOSITION OF EUSOCIAL HYMENOPTERAN INSECTS

Genome sequencing of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), a model for the biology and evolution of eusocial behavior, has revealed unusual genome compositional characteristics, including a low but heterogeneous GC content, bimodal GC content distribution, and a biased tendency of genes to be located in low GC regions. In this dissertation, we sought to determine whether those features are specific to Apis or shared with other insects and the biological meaning of those features. Chapter 1 reviews the major concepts that tie my dissertation research together, highlighting the importance of recombination, GC composition, and their relationship to the evolution of eusociality.

Comprehensive Exam: Accelerating Data-Driven Discovery In Type 1 Diabetes:An Informatics-Based Approach

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an immune-associated or immune-mediated chronic disease characterized by the progressive failure or targeted destruction of insulin-producing beta (β) cells in the pancreas. Management of the disease is challenging, involving lifelong exogeneous insulin replacement and 24/7 blood glucose monitoring. Although more than 1.6 million Americans are living with T1D, most diabetes research is currently focused on type 2 diabetes (T2D), which accounts for approximately 90% of diabetes cases. The expanding availability, granularity, and size of real-world health data, however, is opening unprecedented opportunities to use health informatics to advance T1D research that is computationally innovative and responsive…

Development of AI Models for Remote Sensing City Fitness

Tracking a city’s fitness is particularly important for the continued urbanization of civilization. Urban environmental and air quality and overall fitness are decreasing due to natural and anthropogenic events, causing degradation of living quality and leading to various population health issues, including heart and lung problems and even premature death. City fitness monitoring is mostly dependent on ground sensor deployment. However, this ground sensor-based monitoring is often not continuous and extensive due to the lack of resources and a very low number of ground observations. Another approach is to estimate city fitness parameters using models built with remote sensing (RS)…

Tool development for resolving and visualizing irregular heartbeats measured by cardiac magnetic resonance

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common irregularity of heartbeats. it can cause significant symptoms and impair heart function and daily life. Its irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm can lead to blood clots that cause stroke or heart attack, especially as the patient ages. The irregularity of heartbeats has prevented visualization of the heart using standard cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which attempts to average the beats. movie involves more information about the heart movement. Unaveraged, real-time CMR imaging can scan the heart of AFib patients. However, Radiology lacks methods to manage the irregularity. We developed tools for easy…

Single-cell immune profiling of Q fever vaccination in mice

Human Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by intracellular Gram-negative bacterium, Coxiella burnetii. Human Q fever has high infectious nature. However, there is no FDA approved vaccine in the US. Previous studies showed that after serial passages in eggs and tissue cultures, C. burnetiid undergoes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phase variation in which its virulent smooth LPS phase I (PI) converts to an avirulent rough LPS phase II (PII). A formalin-inactivated PI vaccine (PIV) was demonstrated to be more protective than PII vaccine (PIIV) in guinea pigs. The research objective is to understand the mechanisms of vaccine-induced protective immunity…

Identification of biomarkers and therapeutic combinations for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) using explanatory subgroup discovery for cancer patients without EGFR mutation

Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity are characteristic features of cancer patients. To tackle patients’ heterogeneity, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent one of the most promising therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. However, 50% of cancer patients that are eligible for treatment with ICIs will not respond well to this kind of therapies. Over the years, multiple patient stratification techniques have been developed to identify homogenous patient subgroups, although, matching patient subgroup to treatment option that can improve patients’ health outcome remains a challenging task. To address this problem, we developed a novel informatics framework that consists of two modules: subgroup discovery and…

A Privacy-Preserved Transfer Learning Concept to Predict Diabetic Kidney Disease at Out-of-Network Siloed Sites Using an In-Network Federated Model on Real-World Data

Successful implementation of data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) applications requires access to large datasets. Healthcare institutions can establish coordinated data-sharing networks to address the complexity of large clinical data accessibility for scientific advancements. However, persisting challenges from controlled access, safe data transferring, license restrictions from regulatory and legal concerns discourage data sharing among the in-network hospitals. In contrast, out-of-network healthcare institutions are deprived of access to any big EHR database; hence, limiting their research scope. The main objective of this study is to design a privacy-preserved transfer learning architecture that can utilize the knowledge from a federated model developed from in-network…

Survival analysis in Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer Patients Using Novel Exploratory Data Mining

This study leverages clinicopathological data and genomic mutations based on a framework that includes a companion diagnostic template and a novel explainable AI algorithm to improve the selection of prospective patients for adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC). Integrating these two emerging technologies may offer better solutions for assessing treatment outcomes by embracing a data-driven, translational approach to patient care. Exploratory data analysis discovered a sizable collection of CRC patient subgroups within Stages II and III, using criteria that ensure the significance of prevalence for these gene mutations, respective of their group. [1]   CRC patient data was…